When cryptographic authority is the foundation, tokens and complex on-chain logic become unnecessary.
Identity Primitive
Tokens represent identity and access
Identity leakage
No tokens
Execution Model
Complex smart contracts
Large attack surface
No smart contracts
On-Chain Design
On-chain logic and metadata
Poor UX, heavy state
Minimal on-chain footprint
Incentive Structure
Speculation-first incentives
Misaligned priorities
Utility-first cryptographic authority
Verification
Logic embedded in contracts
Hard to audit and upgrade
Off-chain deterministic verification
System Complexity
Multiple layers of programmable state
Increased failure modes
Cryptography only
"Cryptography is kept. Everything else is removed."
Authority is proven by signature. Execution is verified deterministically. No tokens. No speculative layers. No unnecessary state.
Last updated 5 days ago
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